I Break Computers!

The infosec blog of Jonathan J Snyder

You know the internet has reached a breaking point when major news articles are now discussing enshittification and The Dead Internet theory. As someone who remembers as a child when the internet used to scream at you (and you capitalized the letter I), I and many others saw this coming.

The pattern was predictable in many ways. new technology invented, enthusiasts begin to build communities and connections with technology like usenets and forums, then corporations are born who say: “Look! Come be with us, we have the innovation and we can do all the same things. Even better, we'll give it to you for free and do all the hard work.”

Thus, the silos were born and then in a matter of a decade, those people who joined the silos became food for the ads and now artificial intelligence.

I think it all came to a head when Elon Musk bought Twitter and destroyed it from the inside out. So many people had sworn Twitter was too strong, too important as a central source to be brought down by one man.

Boy where they wrong. It is anecdotal but I remember when everything circulated around twitter. If you wanted to advertise your book, you went to twitter. If you want to hang out with other authors, you went to twiiter. If you wanted to know anything and everything that was going on, you went to twitter.

Twittter was a constant part of your life if you had a presence online and there was always something new or interesting going on. You couldn't go a day without thinking about it or micro-blogging something to share with your author friends.

Now? I haven't had an account since April of 2022, there is no one there I know anymore, and the last time I stuck my head in, all out found was random complaints, racist trolls, and a bunch of ads for fake gotcha games.

This isn't unique to Twitter. Google started it when they removed “Don't be evil” from their Code of Conduct in 2018. It was the Reddit Apocalypse when Steve Huffman decided that Reddit being a public company on the backs of unpaid moderators was the way to go and then crushed the mod and user revolt so efficiently that would have made autocrats proud. Now Matt Mullenwig, CEO of Tumblr, and WordPress' parent Company Automattic, is going of his way attacking a trans user and prepping the sale of all user data on both platforms to be sold to Midjourney and OpenAI.

These are just a few of the major incidents that have turned the once green grass silos into hell holes where the users are kept making content for free that companies can sell.

There is a growing trend online from what I can see of people wanting their internet and digital lives back. They want freedom from the system that's enslaved them.

Freedom is Difficult

For many seeking freedom, it's a challenge because companies have made it so easy to find content and get things curated that users struggle to understand how to do that now. If you go through a lot of articles on Mastodon and decentralized social media when Twitter collapsed and burned, people were confused on what to do and no matter how simple people try to make it, nobody can grasp it.

If it's not the concept of federation, it's the whole curating their own experience and the fact that they must participate instead of just sitting there and watching what comes in.

The users see the word social media and see social MEDIA when it is more correctly SOCIAL media. I'm not saying that we must give up on these people or that they are beyond hope. The internet is owned by all, and they deserve their digital freedom too. What I am confident we have to do as a community on the fediverse is try and find ways to meet them in the middle and help them de-program them and get their freedom back.

What are the Steps?

I don't have the answers to everything nor am I stating that I do. I'm not a snake oil salesman writing this up, so people think I have the answers. I don't. But what we need to start providing to those is:

  • Work on coming up with explanations that are simple and user friendly as possible.
  • A list of instances that are neutral and a good starting place for users to make home until they get their feet under them.
  • Tutorials on how to live on the fediverse that aren't overly complicated.

If we don't make this more approachable, then we will never expand in any meaningful way.

— Jonathan S.

Inspired by the blog post by Terence Eden on an extremely simple ActivityPub server, I wanted to see if I could widdle it down even further to have a website say the equivalent of Hello world!

This is what I have written. The .htaccess was a bitch to mess with and I think there is a way to simplify it even more but its an idea on how we can get websites to say hello on the ActivityPub protocol without having to have such massive libraries in the background!

<?php 

ini_set('display_errors', 1);
ini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);
error_reporting(E_ALL);

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'GET' && isset($_GET['resource'])) {
  
  $webfinger = array(
    "subject" => "acct:USER@EXAMPLE.NET",
      "links" => array(
        array(
             "rel" => "self",
            "type" => "application/activity+json",
            "href" => "https://example.net/user"
        )
    )
  );

  // Set the content type to JSON
  header('Content-Type: application/json'); 
  echo json_encode($webfinger);
  exit; 
}

elseif ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {

  // Set the content type to JSON
  header('Content-Type: application/json');

  // Respond with user ID, bio, and avatar
  $userId = ''; // Replace with your user ID
  $bio = Helo world! '; // Replace with your bio
  $avatarUrl = ''; // Replace with the URL of your avatar image
                  
  $response = [
      'id' => $userId,
      'type' => 'Person',
      'name' => 'Your Name',
      'summary' => $bio,
      'icon' => [
      'type' => 'Image',
          'url' => $avatarUrl
          ]
      ];
                  
      echo json_encode($response);
      exit;
}
else {
  http_response_code(400);
  exit;
}

I've got more ideas I want to work on with this concept of getting websites to say hi without having an IT degree but more to come!

— Jonathan S.

When I picked the title for this blog, I know I am stirring the pot. But you know what? The more I dive into the endless scroll of tags, the more I read about all the new projects popping up, the excitement they generate, and then the inevitable backlash, finger-pointing, and virtue signaling that follow, the more convinced I become that I'm onto something. It's been a wild ride these past few weeks, seeing how quickly things can go from innovative to controversial, from promising to problematic. It's like watching a never-ending drama unfold, with each act more tangled than the last. This whole experience has solidified something in my mind: “I don't think anyone really knows what they're doing.”

The Definition of Fediverse is Subjective

Trying to understand the Fediverse feels like chasing shadows – it's confusing and pretty frustrating a lot of the times. When we talk about the Fediverse, what are we really talking about? Is it just a fancy word for a certain tech trick, or does it include any website where you can connect with others but not through the big-name platforms? And what about the rules of the game – does it only count if it uses #ActivityPub, or do places using the #Diaspora protocol also get a seat at the table?

This confusion isn't just annoying; it's a big roadblock to development. If we can't even agree on what the Fediverse is, how are we supposed to talk about why it's good, what problems it has, or what it could become? Even more, how do we simplify it for those who just aren't techie people? It feels like we're all trying to play the same game but can't agree on the rules. This makes it super hard to explain why people should care about these alternative social media spots.

And this isn't just talk. For people trying to use these platforms, it matters a lot in figuring out what to expect when they log in. For the folks building these platforms, it's about knowing what they're aiming for and who they're talking to. Without a clear idea, we're all just stumbling around in the dark, trying to make sense of a space that could change the way we hang out online.

Have we not seen the most common questions on reddit? Understanding how it works and there never is a simple explanation.

In a World of Supposed Coexistence, purist rhetoric still exists.

The moment you first get online, it's like walking into a room where everyone knows the secret handshake except you. There's this sense of gatekeeping that's hard to ignore. Inventors and bright minds come forward with fresh ideas aimed at making the Fediverse a better place, but instead of being met with open arms, they're often shut down. It's disheartening, really. Peer pressure mounts, and attacks fly left and right, burying new concepts before they even have a chance to breathe. It feels like we're our own worst enemies sometimes, letting fear of change dictate who gets to contribute and who doesn't. It's always an accusation of: “You're not being respectful to [INSERT SPECIFIC SUBSET OF INHABITANTS].” No solution. Just yelling.

And now, with corporations starting to poke their heads through the door, eager to carve out their piece of the pie, it feels like the gatekeeping is only intensifying. It's as if we're tightening the noose around our own necks, suffocated by our collective apprehension. The irony is thick; in a space that prides itself on decentralization and freedom, we're boxing ourselves in, governed by an invisible rulebook that favors the status quo over innovation. If we're not careful, we're going to strangle the very essence of what made the Fediverse such an appealing alternative in the first place. Our fear of the unknown, of losing control to corporate interests, might just be the thing that holds us back from evolving.

The False Expectation of Privacy

You know what annoys me the most? It's the sheer misunderstanding of what privacy means in this space. Folks flock to the Fediverse, lured by the promise of a haven from the prying eyes of mainstream social media, thinking they've found privacy's secret garden. But here's the kicker: they couldn't be more exposed if they tried.

When you post something to the public timeline on the Fediverse, you're not just whispering in a secluded alley; you're essentially grabbing a megaphone and broadcasting your thoughts in the digital equivalent of Times Square, under the brightest of spotlights. This isn't a cozy, gated community where everyone knows your name and privacy is respected by default. No, it's more like you've set up a billboard with your thoughts, photos, and data, not realizing that this system is designed to keep that billboard circulating far and wide.

And here's where it gets even more tangled. Despite the Fediverse's openness, it seems like not everyone got the memo on how public 'public' really is here. They lay out their digital lives for all to see, then seem shocked when their information ends up in corners they never intended it to visit. That's why the smarter spaces in our Fediverse universe have started to emphasize the importance of private and unlisted features. But even then, it's like pulling teeth to get people to use them.

This brings me to a point I can't hammer home enough: personal responsibility. Everyone to start taking their own online protection seriously instead of laying that burden at others' feet. Sure, we're part of a community—a digital society where ideally, we look out for one another. But let's be real; this isn't a utopia where a select few guardian angels manage our safety for us. In the Fediverse, just like in the real world, we've got to work together, yes, but also take charge of our own digital footprints. It's on us to navigate this space wisely, using the tools at our disposal to carve out our corners of privacy. Because at the end of the day, if you're not looking out for yourself, who will?

We are a Confederacy

I do not say that to invoke flashbacks to the American Civil War or the antebellum period. I’m referring to the system of government. The definition of a Confederation government is: “political union of sovereign states united for purposes of common action. Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical issues, such as defence[sic], foreign relations, internal trade or currency, with the central government being required to provide support for all its members.”(1)

We are a Confederation.

For example, the #fedipact is an example of one side of the fediverse trying to answer the question of what to do about Meta. They created a treaty, and a lot of instances signed up for it. Others did not which is their perogative. The point was that someone had actually created a plan to try to solve the issue the way they wanted. This gives instances multiple different avenues of approach to handle a situation they think would be the best.

We cannot stop the corporations or the bad actors from coming here. With enough perseverance, anyone can keep showing up. It's only through treaties and keeping each other informed that we can protect our “nation states”.

The digital world doesn't stand still, and neither can we. With entities like Bluesky on the horizon, developing their own protocols to mesh with ours, the stakes are only getting higher. There's a palpable fear that Bluesky might try to dominate, to impose their will and their protocols over ours. Yet, what do we gain from letting fear dictate our actions? If history has taught us anything, it's that fortresses built from fear are the first to crumble.

Instead of drawing battle lines in the sand, it's time for instances, both big and small, to shed the “my way or the highway” mentality and start forging working relationships. Let's learn from Bluesky, meet them where our protocols can mesh, ensuring they respect the sanctity of unlisted and private settings. If Bluesky—or any newcomer, for that matter—aims to take over, they'll find themselves grasping at straws. Why? Because we didn't buy into their proprietary playbook. We took the high road, the smart road, by sticking to our principles without isolating ourselves. We opened the door with rules and if they behave, let them participate.

In essence, the future of decentralized social media doesn't just depend on our ability to stand firm on our individual islands but on our willingness to build bridges between them. It's about creating a network of alliances, a Confederation in the truest sense, where unity and autonomy don't just coexist but strengthen each other. Now, more than ever, it's time to embrace that spirit of collaboration. After all, in unity, there's strength—strength to adapt, evolve, and withstand whatever the digital tides throw our way.

We Need to Get Along

In the grand, tumultuous world of decentralized social media, if there's one mantra we should all be chanting in unison, it's “Let's get along.” (and no. I'm not talking about the bastard nazis, TERFS, and other evil shits that try to get on. We can't stop them but we can force them to stay in their own holes.)

Think about it—our strength, our very essence in the Fediverse relies on the bridges we build and the connections we forge. Imagine a world where ActivityPub bumps into Diaspora and says, “Hey! I'm ActivityPub. Got something here I need to pass on to your folks. Can you help make it understandable for them?” And vice versa. Picture Bluesky tossing their digital messages into the mix, and instead of a communication breakdown, we have ActivityPub and Diaspora acting like seasoned translators, ensuring everything is clean, compatible, and safe for all parties involved.

But how do we achieve this level of interoperability? By establishing easy digital borders where data isn't just tossed over the fence in the hopes someone on the other side catches it, but is instead carefully interpreted, translated, and handed over in a manner that everyone can understand and appreciate. This isn't just about making nice for the sake of harmony; it's about ensuring the Fediverse remains a vibrant, dynamic space where ideas and information flow freely and safely across platform lines.

Let's face it: corporations are a fixture in our digital landscape. Wishing them away is as futile as trying to hold back the sea with a broom. We can't barricade the doors and hope they'll just disappear. But what we can do, as a digital Confederation, is to set the terms of engagement. We can establish our boundaries, our rules of interaction, that allow us to engage with these corporate entities on our terms. It's about not just coexisting but thriving, by ensuring that when these giants step into our realm, they do so with respect for the values and principles that define us.

Will those be different? Yes. That's the nature of the beast. Some instances will not allow Bluesky or meta to talk to them but that doesn't mean they should force that on other instances who want to see their members interact with us.

In essence, building these bridges and setting these borders isn't just an act of defense; it's an assertion of our identity, our autonomy, and our vision for a federated digital world. It's a clear message that while we welcome the flow of ideas and innovation, we do so on the foundation of mutual respect and understanding. By fostering this environment, we not only protect the integrity of the Fediverse but also pave the way for a future where decentralized social media isn't just an alternative but a preferred, respected standard in the digital age.

References (1): Wikipedia contributors. (2024, February 23). Confederation. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:53, February 23, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confederation&oldid=1209828498

— Jonathan S.

I decided it was time for me to write another blog post though this one is not going to be as long as the others I've written (hopefully). This was a problem that I had been working on for at least a month on an off which required a ticket to be opened with castopod, searching the internet forever and finally getting ChatGPT to look at it all, make suggestions, and finally I realized what I was going on.

Installing Castopod

This tutorial is designed around hosting #castopod on an Ubuntu server while using #docker as my method of running it. I utilized the automatic server installation of Docker that comes as an option when installing a server but I also had to run sudo apt-get docker-compose -y to also get the other portion needed on the server.

Once you got that on, go ahead and follow the instructions on the main website.

https://docs.castopod.org/getting-started/docker.html

Once that is done, two possible things will happen. Once you go to localhost/cp-install, you'll either see the super user creation screen or you are going to be greeted by a warning that the program was not able to connect to your SQL database. In the logs you'll see

**castopod-db | 2023-07-14  0:04:00 4 [Warning] Access denied for user 'castopod'@'172.27.0.3' (using password: YES)**
castopod-app |
castopod-app | [CodeIgniter\Database\Exceptions\DatabaseException]
castopod-app |
castopod-app | Unable to connect to the database.
**castopod-app | Main connection [MySQLi]: Access denied for user '****'@'172.27.0.3' (using password: YES)**
castopod-app |
castopod-app | at SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseConnection.php:418

This is the point that I really got stuck and spent almost a month scouring the internet, creating a ticket, closing said ticket after two weeks then creating a new one specifically about the same issue appearing in the docker installation.

The castopod developers did not get back to me (which is fine. I understand it's supported by volunteers and they have a lot of time. This is not me knocking them) but I decided to go to my last resort of asking ChatGPT based on the information I had. It made suggestions that actually fixed the issue.

If you get this issue where the database can't connect due to access denied, you'll need to run the following commands:

sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod 666 /var/run/docker.sock

Once that is done, you need to clear out the previously created volumes and start up again.

docker-compose down --volumes --remove-orphans

docker-compose up -d

Once you've done that. You should be good to go!

Ending

I know that generative #AI is still a hot button topic in the #infosec world but I am one that thinks that it can be used for good to help and I wanted to show case how it helped me which allowed me to find an answer for everyone and save the developers a lot of trying to figure it out.

Of course, I'm not going to opine on AI here in this small article but I wanted to be upfront on how it helped and how it can help the #selfhosting community when it comes to issues like this in Castopod.

Until next time!

— Jonathan S.

Finally, I got my #infosec #blog up and running again. It has been so long since I accidentally took it down by messing up the A records but that’s a story for another post. I wanted to write up tips and tricks of things that I ran into while attempting to install my own #peertube #instance that was not explained well in the documentation available on the main website.

To be clear, this isn’t any sort of knocking the people who make it, it’s just not mentioned and I don’t know if that’s because for people used to this stuff it’s common knowledge or it just hasn’t been updated. Here we go!

Before we begin, a few points about what I’m going to talk about. This is not going to be a full installation tutorial but a supplement to to go along with the official documentation . This also assumes that the setup you are using is having one internet facing server that is directing traffic upstream to other machines on the network so that they are not exposed.

The server this is written for is Ubuntu 22.04 and I am using the Nginx that comes with the apt-get command. At the time of this writing, it’s Nginx 1.18.1.

Issue #1 – default NodeJS is not High Enough.

The first part of the tutorial provided by Peer Tube points you to the dependencies that you will need to initially install first. Do not just use the copy-paste they have to install the default. The deb files that are available are not the right version that it needs.

When I ran the sudo apt-get install nodejs, the server installed 12.x. You need at least 16.x to install minimum. When you go manually install nodeJS yourself so that you can run yard, DO NOT install the latest version 20.x. It is NOT compatible with Yarn when you get to the install process later. I installed the latest version to be up to date and the Yarn prompt in terminal stated that it was expecting between 16.x to 19.x. I had to re-do my key ring and install 19.x to work.

Issue #2 – Created Peer Tube user not the right CHMOD.

The dependencies portion of the installation will create the user and the group that you need but will not provide the correct chmod against the folder and one time when I was running it, didn’t give the folder to the group. It wants the folder to be drwxr-xr-x. You will not only need to set that yourself, but I recommend chown the folder to the peertube user just to be safe. If you do not, it’ll throw errors later about not owning everything and will screw up your entire install (which happened to me the first time around).

Run the command:

sudo chmod 755 /var/www/peertube sudo chown peertube:peertube /var/www/peertube

That was you can be absolutely sure nothing is going tot get messed up with the install. Proceed from that point with the rest of the install.

Issue #3 – Prepping the production.yaml correctly and for Reverse Proxy

When you get to the point that you are to edit the production.yaml file, there are a few steps you need to take to make sure it is ready for setup and the reverse proxy.

To understand what I have set up, we're going to assume we have two servers. One named 192.168.1.1 which is our internet facing machine and 192.168.1.2 which is the machine you are hosting the peertube instance on. You are going to want to have 192.168.1.1 to be able to send all the traffic to the other machine.

Setting up for reverse proxy

You are going to want to make sure the following is in the webserver portion of the yaml file.

webserver: https: true hostname: 'yourpeertube.instance” port: 443

Though with many programs that you can run behind a reverse proxy, the upstream machine doesn't have to be on 443 as the SSL and security work is being handled on the machine taking the traffic. in the case of peertube, you must hand the traffic from 443 to 443 and have the https set to true even though you do not have any certificates on the upstream location.

If you do not do this, you will get streaming errors with your HLS.js in the peertube log. They will look like:

HLS.js error: networkError - fatal: true - manifestLoadError

The other symptom is that your video will play in the browser you uploaded to it but not with any other machine or browser.

In the trust proxy: section, you want to add the line - '192.168.1.1' right under - 'loopback. *pay attention to formatting as yaml needs the proper indentation.

The last part is go to database: and make sure the correct password for your database you setup earlier is actually there. The last three attempts to install per the instructions did not properly put the password there. You can enter it manually.

Issue #4 – Proper Reverse Proxy with Nginx

This really isn't an issue but more to save you time figure out what needs to be proxy_pass to the upstream machine.

Upstream Machine

On the machine hosting, strip out all the SSL certificate markers and everything but leave it listening to 443. (This includes the ssl and http2 after the port listening entry.)

It should look something like this:

server {

listen 443;

listen [::]:443;

server_name yourpeertube.instance ;

... THE REST OF THE CONFIGURATION.

Do not worry about the ssl part. As a reminder, it's going to be handled by the internet facing machine. We are presently setting up the hosting machine.

Setting up Internet Facing Machine

This is a full example of the reverse proxy that has helped my server function. Please make sure to add your information here where it says yourpeertube.instance.

server {

if ($host = yourpeertube.instance) {

return 301 https://$host$request_uri;

}

listen 80; listen [::]:80;

server_name yourpeertube.instance;

return 404; }

server {

listen 443 ssl http2;

listen [::]:443 ssl http2;

server_name yourpeertube.instance;

add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origins “*” always;

add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods “*” always;

ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourpeertube.instance/fullchain.pem;

sslcertificatekey /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourpeertube.instance/privkey.pem;

location ^~/ {

proxysetheader X-Forwarded-For $proxyaddxforwardedfor;

proxysetheader Host $host;

proxysetheader X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

proxy_pass http: // 192.168.4.2:443; #Make sure to change this to your actual internal IP;

clientmaxbody_size 0; } }

Ending

There you have it. After I got this all setup, I was able to communicate with my server, upload videos and the #fediverse portion worked to perfection. If you have any questions, you can reach out to me at my social media

— Jonathan S.

While perusing the internet trying to decide on what I want to put on this blog (besides the one that was just a basic), I realized there is A LOT of tutorials on how to setup mastodon, what the point of decentralized social media is and so forth.

It was a post on the instance I’m residing that gave me what to write. The nuances of living in this form of social media both as a user and as an admin. So, the first part will be for those who are looking for more information about being a user then for newbie admins, the things that I learned.

For ease as you read the first post, I am going to refer to Mastodon, Friendica, and other platforms as the “Decentralized Platforms” or “Fediverse platforms” and Twitter, Facebook, etc as the “Centralized Platforms” or “corporate controlled”. That way I’m not typing each one out all the time. If I need to make a note of a specific difference, I will then call the platform out by name.

Alright! Let’s get this show on the road!

Decentralized Services ARE NOT clones of the Centralized Services

One of the hardest things I have learned is that the decentralized services aren’t just knock-offs or clones of the major corporate controlled platforms that are available to everyone. The only thing that they share in common is their basic concept. To serve users data and information in a social way that promotes community.

If you are coming from one of the centralized platforms, you are used to having your friends, following the people you want to read and having the company serve you a daily list of interesting things they found for you based on search information you have done. It’s normal for you to be able to login, see what’s going on, and then posting a link or comment and keep going.

It’s great in a way that you don’t have to do the leg work to find new and interesting information but the trade off is that centralized platform keeps tabs on what you are doing. At minimum, they keep a profile on you and their users to help feed their computer program and at most, they then use the data to sell advertising space to other companies to target you with ads.

In short, a centralized social media needs money to run and decided that it uses your data to fund itself and then continue to sell it to make a profit for it’s shareholders. The one that comes first is the company.

A decentralized platform is, for the most part, opposite. Instead of taking care of shareholders and doing business, the fediverse services are designed around the concept of interoperability and being able to work with each other. The basic foundations the internet was built on. Down to the most basic of things, a fediverse server like Mastodon, is built to be run by someone but other things can communicate with it. The basics of interconnected computers.

This type of platform sacrifices one singular location and a helpful algorithm to find stuff and trade it that the user needs to do a lot of the work themselves.

In this vast planet of people, there are those who support either methodology to different amount of extremes. The question you should ask yourself is “What do you want?”

If you want a centralized system, there is no judgment from me and you do not have to keep reading this blog post. If you want to continue towards your exploration of the fediverse, then please keep on reading.

Don’t give up. I threw a lot at you but I felt it was important for you to understand the fundamental difference between the two. This isn’t a “run to alternate Twitter because of what Elon Musk is doing.” This is leaving one ecosystem for a brand new one.

So, you’re here and want to be part of the fediverse. What do you do?

That’s a very good question and you are not stupid in asking yourself. It’s actually one of the first key things as a newcomer you should consider. What do you want to do? Are you looking to make/share videos? Are you looking for a micro-blogging platform to share your thoughts? Are you someone who loves computers and want to get involved?

Those are questions you should answer before you move forward. In my case, I wanted to support decentralization so I’ve delved into creating my own instance and continue researching everything so that I can contribute and provide blog articles like this.

For ease of this post, I’m going to assume that you are looking to find a place to continue your social media experience. It’s the easiest to get started.

I’m going to assume you have found a home for your account. If not, check out this blog article for that sort of information.

So what do you do now? Here are a few things you should know about.

Golden Rule: Treat others as you wish to be treated

This might sound stupid to say out loud but the fediverse is built upon the concept of mutual respect and understanding. Rage culture is unacceptable and trolls are frowned upon. I would never give this advice anywhere else but when you get feedback, actually consider it before you ignore it. It could be a courtesy to help you. You’ll want to think it’s a troll but in this case, take a few moments, and then decide.

Nuance 1: Add context to your links (and use the content warnings)

On a centralized platform, it’s common to throw a link on there because the program would find all the info and display it in a nifty, little card. One of the best things you can do for yourself is to break that habit and add context to any link. Even if your fediverse service you are on has the ability, the ones that may be getting the information or the app viewing it may not.

One of the best things you can do is take the time to provide a small bit of information on what the link is about to give viewers an idea what they’re actually going to be clicking on.

Also, you can put content warnings on your posts. Be considerate. If you think someone may be offended or see something that is triggering, throw the content warning on there. Those who want to see it will click on it.

Nuance 2: Hashtags are not cringy; Hashtags are the backbone.

If you’ve been on social media long enough like I have, you have heard that hashtags are cringy and “they’ve ruined social media”.

In the case of a fediverse service, hashtags are actually the glue that sticks things together. In most every decentralized platform you can join has the ability to search through hashtags or even subscribe to them. The way for you to find new content you are interested in and new people to follow is through those hashtags. They are seen everywhere!

Now, do not go and hashtag every single word but keywords of your post so others who are interested in the same thing can find you.

Nuance 3 – You are your own Algorithm.

Are you not seeing anything in your feed? If not, there is a good chance you haven’t followed anyone because your feed is built of people you follow and in cases those who follow them. You are the one who curates what you can see and what shows up in your feed. Subscribing to hashtags, following users with ideas and thoughts like you are great ways to start filling up that feed with information to your liking.

You should follow indiscriminately and unfollow indiscriminately because that’s the only way you’re going to control what you see.

Nuance 4 – And follower and following count isn’t worth anything.

This is going to be the hardest thing to understand, especially if you are coming from a capitalistic platform where you have built a following.

The ratio of followers to following doesn’t mean shit here on the fediverse and that’s because of what we have talked about. People curate their own stuff so following and unfollowing is the way to get your feed the way you like. There is no value to how many followers you have except to understand that whatever your posting about has their interest. If you move on to a different number and your numbers shift, that’s just people adjusting their feed.

Don’t invest in your follower count. Invest in the engagement across the platform. You have to put emphasis on the social of social media, not the last word.

Ending

There is probably a lot that I am missing and that’s because I am still on this journey too. I have had the advantage of a wonderful group of people engaging with me and helping me make these adjustments and I wanted to pass on and provide that to anyone reading this too.

Until next time!

— Jonathan S.

It has been awhile since I have had the opportunity to sit down and write a blog post. Things have been hectic and some projects just fall by the wayside. One of the things I promised to do is write a blog post about my experiences running a single user instance.

 You’re all on your Own

After spending about a month on Infosec.exchange and learning the ups and downs of mastodon, I decided that the biggest thing I wanted to do was own my own instance where I could control my entire social media presence. Instead of existing on someone’s server, I wanted my own. So, I set up a single user interface.

One of the biggest challenges is not federation but re-connecting to everyone and seeing all the posts again. One of the major things that helped me is that I had already followed 100+ people so when I migrated my account, I was able to automatically re-follow all of them allowing my feed to fill up.

One of the impacts that never crossed my mind is that you immediately lose the use of the local feed portion of mastodon. If you were on a different instance, you could use that to see what was being talked about on the instance you inhabited but if you exist as a Single User Instance, all that page has is your own toots. You lose a major portion of finding new content to engage with.

What this does is make more effort required to explore other instances and follow people so that you can get a varied feed.

 If you don’t engage, you don’t exist.

Engaging and communicating becomes even more important because nobody can use their local feed button to find you and you will more than likely be drowned out in the federated feed. To engage and to be found and to talk with other people requires much more exploration and actually responding to posts with your thoughts and opinions so that more people see your handle.

I’m not saying that one should go and spam for attention or participate in clout chasing. I am simply pointing out the fact that the ability for someone to stumble on to you is much harder. You can join a relay but sometimes what you post is outweighed by the flood of what is sent to you.

This also means that the use of hashtags becomes critical. I have discovered it’s a fine line between two little hashtags and too much. 

Actively Managing your server is a Must

There is no one else on your instance that is blocking inappropriate or illegal servers, cleaning out the databases and media folders using the tootctl CLI. All the day to day managing to keep yourself up and running will be handled entirely by you.

(This won’t really apply if you are hosting with a site that promises to take care of that for you but many SUIs I have seen are hosted on their own machines).

It got so bad that I had to write a bash script to automate a lot of the cleaning for me weekly and still have to check on it to make sure it ran correctly, I don’t have to adjust the speed, etc.

This can become doubly worse if you follow a large relay and that relay can swamp your server, run you out of space, and when that happens, your instance goes down.

The safety and security of your server and your feed is one hundred percent on you.

 Need a Script?

I’ve actually offered the script I use for any Ubuntu servers on my public git. I’m still working on it but might give you a good place to start cleaning!

 https://gitlab.com/JonathanS223/mastocleaner

 Until next time!

 

— Jonathan S.

I cannot remember where I saw it (though I know it was on my Mastodon social feed), someone had said that an aspiring infosec specialist should consider creating a blog to document their dive into the world of computers and IT. Over the next few days I thought about it and realized that, not only was that a good idea, it could possibly help someone in the future who is struggling with the exact same issue as you were.

So, here I am, writing a blog post to document it and start of my adventure. Now, I have been an writer for a long period of time and consider myself more of an author than actually in information security. For anyone reading this blog, you’re going to find a wide variety of posts about all sorts of subjects but I’ll try to make sure that the subjects are clear enough for easy parsing for future searchers.

This blog post is short. I just wanted to get something posted while I work on designing the other posts including the issues I have had with my pursuit of decentralizing my presence on the internet.

If any of this looks interesting to you or you want to follow along, feel free to subscribe or if you are part of any social media like mastodon, you can also follow the blog as it has been federalized!

Until next time!

— Jonathan S.

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— Jonathan S.